Git 101

Git Basic Intro:

• Git is a distributed version control system (VCS) used to track changes in source code and collaborate on software development. It allows multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously, keep track of modifications, and revert to previous versions if needed.

• Similar to Git, there are other centralized version control system tools as well like CVS, SVN, but Git is the most widely used Version Control System.

• Key features of git include branching, merging, reverting to previous versions

Git and Github

• Git and Github are not the same thing

• Git is a software.

• Github is a service provided by a company to store your project repository online.

• You can use git without Github, but you cannot use Github without the using git.

• There are many other alternatives to Github like Bitbucket, Gitlab.

Git Terminologies:

• Repository: (also called as repo) is a folder containing your files.

• Working Directory – The local environment where files are modified before being tracked by Git.

• Staging Area: (also called the index) is a temporary space where changes are added before committing them to the repository. It allows you to carefully select and organize changes before making a commit, ensuring only specific modifications are included.

• Local Repository – A Git repository stored on your computer containing commit history.

• Remote Repository – A centralized Git repository hosted on a server (e.g., GitHub, GitLab).

• Branches – Independent lines of development that allow parallel work in a Git repository.

• Pull Requests – A request to merge changes from one branch to another in a remote repository.

• Merge – The process of combining changes from different branches into a single branch.

Install git and setup GitHub account

• Instructions to Install git

• Create a GitHub account
  

Git Commands:

• git --version

  This command will display the version of git utility running on your machine.

omkarvishwakarma> git --version
git version 2.34.1

• git config --global user.name "FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME"

  git config --global user.email "MY_NAME@example.com"

  This command is used to set the global Git username & email that will be associated with your commits. This username appears in the commit history.

  It identifies you as the author of commits across all repositories on your system.

omkarvishwakarma> git config --global user.name "John Doe"
omkarvishwakarma> git config --global user.email "john.doe@example.com"

• git config --list

  This command displays all Git configuration settings on your system. Used to check your user details (user.name, user.email).

• git init

  This command is used to initialize a git repository while inside the working directory, This allows git to start tracking changes in the directory.

  It creates a hidden git folder in the working directory as seen below in the screenshot

  

  We created an empty directory - gitpractice and initialized the repository using git init command.